精神鑑定中認知偏誤影響及改善途徑之初探——以臺灣刑事訴訟為中心【醫法新論】 試閱
Effects of Cognitive Bias in Forensic Mental Health Evaluation and Possible Solutions: Focused on Taiwanese Criminal Procedure
司法精神鑑定為刑事訴訟中重要之一環，然該等鑑定結果則可能於無形之中受認知偏誤之影響，並進一步影響法院之審判結果。認知偏誤之樣態繁多，而針對司法鑑定之研究多集中於確認偏誤、代表性捷思法、錨定效應及結盟效應，故首先針對此些樣態為介紹，後進一步集中於確認偏誤存在於臺灣司法精神鑑定中之可能為討論，並簡要提出可能之改善途徑。
Forensic mental health evaluation plays an important role in criminal procedure. However, these evaluation results might be affected by cognitive bias, and thus affect the rulings of the court. While there are many different types of cognitive bias, the researches regarding forensic mental health evaluation mostly focus on confirmation bias, representativeness heuristics, anchoring effect, and allegiance effect. This paper therefore first briefly introduces these four types of bias, then focuses on the possibility of confirmation bias existing in forensic mental health evaluation in Taiwan, and discusses the possible solutions.
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