韓國醫師懲戒、再教育與同業自治之困局—以醫師大罷工衝突為例【本期企劃】 試閱
Dilemmas in Disciplinary Action, Re-education, and Professional Autonomy: A Study Centered on the South Korean Doctors’Collective Action Crisis
韓國於2024年爆發的醫師集體辭職事件，是一場橫跨政治、法律與醫療體制的複合危機。本文以此為核心案例，從三個面向加以分析：其一，政府援引《醫療法》第59條實施行政強制命令，以及懲戒與吊銷執照手段的法理爭議；其二，「醫師再教育制度」在執照管理、技能重建與倫理重塑等面向的制度設計及其侷限；其三，大韓醫師協會在國家強制管制與公眾信任雙重壓力下，同業自治空間的萎縮與重構困境。本文指出，這場危機不僅暴露了韓國醫療體系在高齡化社會壓力下的結構性矛盾，更揭示了當國家以公共利益為由強行介入專業自治時，行政強制、職業自由與社會信賴三者之間難以化解的張力。本文建議，未來醫療改革應建立三方協商機制，並透過財政誘因改革與同業自律的復振，重構醫師社群與國家之間的信賴基礎。
The 2024 South Korean doctors’ collective resignation crisis constitutes a compound crisis spanning politics, law, and healthcare governance. This article analyzes three dimensions: first, the legal controversies surrounding the government’s use of administrative coercion under Article 59 of the Medical Service Act, including disciplinary action and license revocation; second, the institutional design and limitations of the physician re-education and re-entry (PRR) system in license management, clinical competency restoration, and ethical reconstruction; and third, the contraction and reconstitution of professional autonomy space for the Korean Medical Association (KMA) under dual pressures of state regulatory control and public trust erosion. This article argues that the crisis exposed structural contradictions within South Korea’s healthcare system under aging demographic pressures, and reveals the irreconcilable tensions between administrative coercion, occupational freedom, and social trust when the state intervenes in professional autonomy under the guise of public interest. The study recommends establishing tripartite consultation mechanisms and rebuilding the foundation of trust between the medical community and the state through fiscal incentive reform and the revitalization of professional self-governance.
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