脊髓性肌肉萎縮症產前未檢出案：舉證責任之倒轉與減輕【學習式判解評析】 試閱
Failure to Detect Spinal Muscular Atrophy Antenatally: Reverse and Relieve Onus
醫療侵權責任案件，實務上多見有利病患造之舉證責任倒轉、減輕，諸如本文所涉「脊髓性肌肉萎縮症產前未檢出案」第二審更審判決「……倘病患能證明係在醫療（含檢驗）人員控管範圍內接受醫療處置，且醫療人員之過失行為與損害事故發生時點最接近，而為損害事故最可能之解釋者，即可推定醫療人員之過失行為與損害事故間有因果關係」之見解，即屬適例。本文擬淺要介紹「舉證責任之倒轉與減輕」議題，為國內近期實務整理及相關文獻回顧，並就最高法院114年度台上字第295號民事裁定、臺灣高等法院高雄分院112年度醫上更一字第1號民事判決提出簡要評析。
In medical tort cases, it is common in practice for the burden of onus to be reversed or relieved in favor of the patient. This is illustrated by the second-instance retrial judgment of the “Failure to Detect Spinal Muscular Atrophy Antenatally” discussed in this paper. In order to establish a causality between negligence on the part of medical personnel and harm suffered by the patient, it is necessary to prove that the medical treatment including testing was administered within the control of medical personnel is the closest in time to the occurrence of the harm, and is the most likely explanation for the harm. This is a paradigmatic example. The present paper aims to provide a concise introduction to the issue of “reverse and relieve onus”, by means of a summary of recent domestic practices and a review of relevant literature. In addition, a concise analysis of the Civil Ruling No. 295 in 2024 of the Supreme Court and the Medical Civil Retrial Judgment No. 1 in 2023 of Kaohsiung Branch of the Taiwan High Court is provided.
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