從優生保健到精準醫療：論遺傳諮詢師立法之必要性與法制使命【本期企劃】 試閱
From Eugenics to Precision Medicine: The Necessity and Legal Mandate of Genetic Counselor Legislation
遺傳諮詢師是連結醫學遺傳學之資訊與民眾健康決策的重要橋樑。過往遺傳諮詢的服務對象以優生保健與婦幼衛生為主。現今，在精準醫療的浪潮下，其服務範圍擴展至疾病預防、藥物基因學與罕見疾病照護等多元領域。然而，隨著基因檢測走向商業化，專業遺傳諮詢的缺位與認證制度不足，已衍生民眾誤解、醫療爭議與潛在的倫理風險。本文透過比較歐美與亞洲主要國家在遺傳諮詢師的培育、認證與法規保障現況，分析台灣在法制化上的主要缺口，並提出具體政策建議，以期建構我國遺傳諮詢師專業之法制基礎，保障民眾基因權益，並鞏固國家醫療品質。
Genetic counselors serve as a critical bridge between medical genetics information and public health decision making. Historically, genetic counseling services were primarily focused on eugenics and maternal-child health. Today, with the advent of precision medicine, their role has significantly expanded to encompass diverse fields such as disease prevention, pharmacogenomics, and rare disease care. However, as genetic testing becomes commercialized, the lack of professional genetic counseling and insufficient credentialing have led to public misunderstanding, medical disputes, and potential ethical risks. This article reviews the current status of genetic counselor training, certification, and legal protection in major Western and Asian countries, analyzes Taiwan’s key gaps in legal system establishment, and proposes specific policy recommendations. The ultimate goal is to establish a legal foundation for the genetic counseling profession in Taiwan, ensuring the protection of citizens’ genomic rights and fortifying national healthcare quality.
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