病房醫療暴力案：醫療暴力之不法本質與證據【學習式判解評析】 試閱
Case of Healthcare Ward Violence: The Illegal Nature and Evidence of Medical Violence
醫療暴力不僅侵害醫事人員之身體自主權與勞動安全，更嚴重破壞醫療秩序並威脅大眾之就醫權利。本文透過最高法院114年度台上字第5198號刑事判決及其前審判決，梳理近年我國法院針對醫療法第106條之量刑實務，探討司法評價如何從早期的「個人私權糾紛」思維，轉向重視「制度性公共法益保護」。雖然現行量刑仍以拘役或短期有期徒刑為主流，但針對急診室暴力、預謀犯罪或持械攻擊等情節，司法實務已呈現穩步加重且緊縮緩刑之趨勢。本文進而從刑法上之「保護法益論」與「期待可能性」進行深度法理辯證，並透過美、日、臺之比較法制分析，評估醫療暴力納入職業安全衛生法與「醫院警力常駐化」之行政法上成本效益。最後，立足於2026年人工智慧基本法之施行背景，探討AI暴力預警系統於「預防性行政」上之法律授權與人權限制，期能建構刑事、行政與科技三位一體的韌性醫療安全防護網。
Medical violence not only infringes upon the bodily autonomy and occupational safety of medical personnel, but also seriously disrupts medical order and threatens the public’s right to medical care. This article examines the sentencing practices of Taiwanese courts in recent years regarding Article 106 of the Medical Care Act through the Supreme Court’s Criminal Judgment No. 5198 of 2025 and its previous judgments, exploring how judicial evaluation has shifted from an early focus on “personal private rights disputes” to an emphasis on “institutional protection of public legal interests.” Although current sentencing still predominates with detention or short-term imprisonment, judicial practice has shown a steady trend of increasing severity and tightening of probation for acts such as violence in emergency rooms, premeditated crimes, or armed assaults. This article further conducts an in-depth legal debate from the perspectives of “protection of legal interests” and “expectation of possibility in criminal law, ”and through comparative legal analysis of the United States, Japan, and Taiwan, assesses the cost-benefit of incorporating medical violence into the Occupational Safety and Health Act and “permanent police presence in hospitals.” Finally, based on the implementation background of the Artificial Intelligence Basic Act in 2026, this paper explores the legal authorization and human rights restrictions of AI violence early warning systems in “preventive administration”, hoping to build a resilient medical safety protection network integrating criminal, administrative and technological aspects.
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