WTO/SPS協定下之國際標準與食安管制權關係──以我國萊豬政策為例【本期企劃】 試閱
The Regulatory Space of Food Safety under the Harmonization Obligation of the WTO/SPS Agreement—The Issue of Taiwan’s Ractopamine Policy
萊克多巴胺作為一種動物飼料添加物，其殘留於肉品中所產生之食品安全性問題一直以來備受爭議，即使國際食品法典委員會（CODEX）已於2012年制定了殘留容許值之國際標準，該爭議仍無法平息。我國肉品政策從零檢出、牛豬分離至現今的雙軌制，政策更迭致使國人對於我國關於食品安全之管制權限與由CODEX所制定之國際標準間的關係為何產生許多疑問。本文旨在針對相關問題，包括在WTO/SPS協定下之國際標準調和義務所謂為何，CODEX所制定之國際標準效力為何，以及若違反相關國際標準之法律效果為何等加以介紹，以期能進一步釐清相關問題。
Ractopamine as a feed additive for increasing the leanness of finishing cattle and swine, the safety concerns of its residues in pork and beef have been controversial for decades. Even though the international standard of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) has been adopted by the CODEX in 2012, there is still no consensus achieved in the respect of regulatory consistency among the WTO members. The policies regarding the usage and the residues of ractopamine in Taiwan, from the zero tolerance to the products containing ractopamine to setting the MRLs for beef separately, to allowing imports of products not exceeding the MRLs, with the different considerations behind these measures have rendered the relationship between regulatory autonomy and international standard under suspicion. This article aims to provide information about the obligation under the harmonization provision in the WTO/SPS Agreement and the legal consequence of the deviation of international standards, in particular, the rules established by the CODEX, and make an explanation about the regulatory space in which the WTO member would have under the related international economic law.
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