民事司法精神鑑定的介紹（一）【實務講座】 試閱
Introduction to the Civil Forensic Psychiatric Assessment (I)
民事司法精神鑑定，乃運用精神醫學方法協助法院了解當事人或關係人心智與行為，以解決相關事實爭議之問題。隨著各種當事人或關係人民事能力或心智功能狀態之民事爭議增加，相關資料蒐集與精神鑑定越加重要，本文第貳節將簡介現行民事能力或相關民事法律爭議事務之鑑定程序，並於第參節描繪民事司法精神鑑定事項之樣貌，希望有助於將來開展更細緻之民事司法精神鑑定之理論與實務。國外文獻關於各種民事能力或涉及心智功能狀況之精神鑑定，有非常豐富之內容，然而本文篇幅有限，無法完全涵蓋，僅能介紹常見項目，包括：意思能力（包括同意醫療能力、財務能力、遺囑能力、結婚能力、同意性行為之能力）、成年監護或輔助宣告、識別能力、心理/精神傷害。第肆節將做出綜合觀察及結語，強調應釐清民事與刑事能力概念之間之糾葛，俾使鑑定有助於法院做出符合民事法律政策之裁判。
Utilizing psychiatric methods, forensic psychiatric assessment assists the courts to understand the facts regarding the mentality and behaviors of the litigating parties or persons concerned in civil cases. Recently, civil issues regarding civil capacities and relevant mental functions increased in civil litigation, collection of data through forensic psychiatric examination got more and more important. In the second section, the paper introduces the current procedure of civil forensic psychiatric examination. Section three describes the landscape of varieties of civil forensic psychiatric examinations based on their conceptual or practical importance. It is hoped that the delicacy of the theories and practices could be enhanced through the section’s introduction. There is rich content in literature dealing with forensic examinations of different civil capacities or mental functions, however, due to limited space, the paper could only address the commonly mentioned issues. These issues include mental capacity (e.g. capacity to consent to treatment, financial capacity, testamentary capacity, marital capacity, and capacity for sexual consent consent), adult guardianship and assistorship, capacity for moral cognition, and psychological/mental injury. The paper concludes in section four, emphasizing the importance for the courts and the forensic psychiatric experts to collaborate to achieve the legal policy goal of the Civil Code by teasing out the mix ups of the concepts of civil capacity and criminal capacity.
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