Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence 科學證據參考手冊

文章發表:2021/01/18

Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence

第三版《科學證據參考手冊》透過描述關鍵科學領域的法律證據之基本原則,並提供使用證據的案例的例子,以協助法官處理涉及複雜科學和技術證據的案件。

《科學證據參考手冊》由聯邦司法中心於1994年首次出版,在法律和學術界都得到了參考手冊的引用,並經常被各種法院和其他機構引用。面對關於科學和技術證據可採性的爭議的法官,請參考該手冊,以幫助他們更好地理解和評估所提供證據的相關性,可靠性和有用性。該手冊無意告訴法官什麼是好科學,什麼不是好科學。取而代之的是,它有助於法官確定專家可能存在分歧的問題,並指導法院的調查,以尋求對沖突的知情解決。

手冊的核心包括一系列有關各種科學主題的章節(參考指南),每章均由該領域的專家撰寫。由於主題的複雜性和訴訟頻率,監督委員會選擇了這些主題。每章旨在以通俗易懂的方式概述該主題,並確定對法官和法律界其他人士有用的問題。它們是為非技術性讀者編寫的,並不打算作為該主題的詳盡介紹。相反,這些章節旨在為法官提供科學領域的基本資訊,以使他們與專家和律師進行明智的對話。

The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Third Edition, assists judges in managing cases involving complex scientific and technical evidence by describing the basic tenets of key scientific fields from which legal evidence is typically derived and by providing examples of cases in which that evidence has been used.

First published in 1994 by the Federal Judicial Center, the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence has been relied upon in the legal and academic communities and is often cited by various courts and others. Judges faced with disputes over the admissibility of scientific and technical evidence refer to the manual to help them better understand and evaluate the relevance, reliability and usefulness of the evidence being proffered. The manual is not intended to tell judges what is good science and what is not. Instead, it serves to help judges identify issues on which experts are likely to differ and to guide the inquiry of the court in seeking an informed resolution of the conflict.

The core of the manual consists of a series of chapters (reference guides) on various scientific topics, each authored by an expert in that field. The topics have been chosen by an oversight committee because of their complexity and frequency in litigation. Each chapter is intended to provide a general overview of the topic in lay terms, identifying issues that will be useful to judges and others in the legal profession. They are written for a non-technical audience and are not intended as exhaustive presentations of the topic. Rather, the chapters seek to provide judges with the basic information in an area of science, to allow them to have an informed conversation with the experts and attorneys.

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  • 貢獻者:Committee on the Development of the Third Edition of the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law Policy and Global Affairs, FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER, National Research Council of the National Academies


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