醫事人員跨境流動之國際規範與我國醫護人力開放政策簡析—以護理人力為中心【本期企劃】 試閱
International Regulatory Framework on Cross-border Mobility of Health Personnel and Taiwan's Health Workforce Liberalization Policy: A Focus on the Nursing Workforce
全球醫護人力短缺使跨境醫事人員流動成為國際社會共同關注之議題，其涉及國際貿易、勞動權益及全球健康治理等多重面向。本文分析世界貿易組織、世界衛生組織及國際勞工組織關於醫事人員跨境流動之規範架構與治理理念，比較三者於服務貿易、倫理招募及勞動保障之制度功能與相互關係，並探討其對各國醫護人力政策之影響。後進一步以我國護理人力不足及引進外國護理人員之政策討論為例，檢視現行制度面臨之法制與治理課題。本文認為，我國未來應將此作為備位性醫護人力補充政策，並於規劃開放政策時，兼顧國際規範、公平勞動及公共利益等國際規範要求。
The global shortage of health personnel has made the cross-border mobility of health personnel an issue of increasing international concern, encompassing international trade, labor rights, and global health governance. This article examines the regulatory frameworks and governance approaches of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Labour Organization (ILO) regarding the cross-border mobility of health personnel. It compares their respective roles in the liberalization of trade in services, the ethical recruitment of health personnel, and the protection of labor rights, and analyzes their implications for national health workforce policies. Using Taiwan’s nursing workforce shortage and the policy debate on recruiting foreign nursing personnel as a case study, the article further explores the legal and governance challenges facing the current system. It argues that the recruitment of foreign nursing personnel should be regarded as a supplementary measure to address workforce shortages rather than a primary policy response. In developing such a policy, Taiwan should ensure compliance with international norms while balancing fair labor standards, patient safety, and the public interest.
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