從瑞典經驗看第三方精卵捐贈身分揭示制度：全球首例的實踐與啟示【醫法新論】 試閱
Sweden's Identity-Release System in Third-Party Gamete Donation: The World's First Implementation and Its Implications
瑞典自1985年起實施全球首例第三方精卵捐贈身分揭示制度，保障透過精卵捐贈生殖技術出生子代於成年後查詢其遺傳來源的權利。此制度強調子代知情權與兒童最佳利益，並要求生殖機構保存資料至少70年。本文回顧瑞典制度發展、法律設計與政策配套，並分析受贈家庭、捐贈者與子代在實踐中的經驗與挑戰。研究顯示，揭示過程分為父母告知與子代主動查詢兩階段，需提供長期支持服務。相較之下，臺灣「人工生殖法」修法草案對遺傳知情權設計仍顯局限。本文認為，瑞典經驗有助臺灣在制度設計上實踐更具人權保障與社會支持性的轉型。
Sweden became the first country to implement an identity release regime in third-party sperm and egg donation in 1985, granting offspring conceived through such reproductive technologies the right to access information about their genetic origins upon reaching adulthood. The policy emphasizes children’s right to know their origins and mandates that reproductive clinics preserve donor records for at least 70 years. This article reviews Sweden’s legal development, policy mechanisms, and the experiences of recipient families, donors, and donor conceived offspring under this system. It identifies a two stage disclosure process: parental disclosure to children and adult offspring’s independent inquiries, both requiring sustained support services. Research findings show that while most donors are open to future contact, challenges remain regarding family communication and institutional practices. In comparison, Taiwan’s draft amendments to its Assisted Reproduction Act still offer limited access to donor information, primarily in medical necessity cases. This article argues that Sweden’s decades-long experience provides valuable insights for Taiwan’s evolving policy reforms, particularly in designing a rights-based, ethically grounded, and socially supportive identity-release system.
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