病人自主權利法刑事責任探討——以豁免條款及免責事由為中心【本期企劃】 試閱
A Study on Criminal Liability under the Patient Autonomy Act-Focusing on Exemption Clauses and Grounds for Immunity
病人自主權利法賦予醫師不執行預立醫療決定（AD）之豁免條款及執行AD之免責事由，配合限縮法定急救義務範圍，讓醫病關係進入了一個全新篇章，惟在AD及不施行心肺復甦術（DNR）併行適用下，DNR有無病人自主權利法豁免條款及免責事由適用？醫師主觀認知與客觀事實不一致時又應如何處理？在整體法律解釋適用上，仍須回歸刑法基本體系。本文即擬從刑法行為理論出發，探討豁免條款及免責事由之性質，進而討論醫師過失執行或不執行AD及DNR之刑事責任，最後再提出立法之建議。
The Patient Autonomy Act grants physicians an exemption clause for not carrying out Advance Directives (AD) and a defense for carrying them out, along with a restriction on the scope of statutory emergency duties. This has ushered in a new chapter in the physician-patient relationship. However, when AD and Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are applied concurrently, does the Patient Autonomy Act’s exemption clause and defense apply to DNR? How should physicians handle situations when their subjective understanding is inconsistent with objective facts? In terms of overall legal interpretation and application, it must ultimately return to the basic framework of criminal law. This article aims to explore the nature of exemption clauses and defenses from the perspective of criminal law theory, discuss physicians’ criminal liability for negligence in carrying out or not carrying out AD or DNR, and provide legislative suggestions.
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