告知說明義務系列:手術同意書的簽署是萬靈丹嗎?【醫事法學教室】 試閱
The Series of the Obligation to Disclose: Could the Signing of Operation Consent form Solve All the Problems?
對人體施行手術所為侵入性之醫療行為,本具有一定程度之危險性,按醫療法第63條第1項之前段規定,可知其旨在經由危險之說明,使患者得以知悉侵入性醫療行為之危險性而自由決定是否接受,以減少醫療糾紛。另就醫師法第12條之1規定醫師診治病人時,應向病人或其家屬告知其病情、治療方針、處置、用藥、預後情形及可能之不良反應等規定以觀,如醫師違反告知義務,將構成民法第184條第2項規定之違反保護他人之法律,而認定應負損害賠償責任。至於醫師告知義務之範圍與界限,既未經明文規定,惟過失係一規範性概念,其功能在於評價行為人之行為是否符合社會一般之合理期待,以決定是否基於維護社會秩序正常運作之觀點,對該行為予以非難。本文試舉案例兩則進行分析。
The invasive medical treatment which involves putting something into someone’s body or cutting into someone’s body is certainly dangerous. According to Article 63 Paragraph 1 of Medical Care Act, the patient could realize the risk of the invasive medical treatment by explaining, and decide freely to do it or not; then the patient sign the operation consent form. The medical lawsuit might be reduced because of it. In addition, according to Article 12-1 of Physicians Act, when diagnosing and treating patients, a physician shall inform the patient or the patient’s family of the status of the disease, treatment principles, treatment, medication, prognosis and possible unfavorable reactions. If the physician violates the Obligation to Disclose, it could lead the physician to violate a statutory provision enacted for the protection of others and take a liability for compensation, according to Article 184 Paragraph 2 of Civil Code. Even though there are not any articles which delimit the Obligation to Disclose, the liability for negligence is a normative concept which evaluate a behavior that correspond to the social reasonable expectation. We blame the behavior or not, based on the condition of maintaining the social order. There are two cases which will be analyzed in this article.
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