病患自主原則與醫師保密義務之解除【本期企劃】 試閱
Patient Autonomy and the Release of Physician’s Confidentiality Obligation
由於必須保護某些關係的隱私，以及需要鼓勵在這些關係中的公開交流，因此保障某些權利是合理的。就個人自主控制個人資料之資訊隱私權而言，乃保障人民決定是否揭露其個人資料，以及在何種範圍內、於何時、以何種方式、向何人揭露之決定權，並保障人民對其個人資料之使用有知悉與控制權。然而，憲法對資訊隱私權之保障並非絕對，國家自得於符合憲法第23條規定意旨之範圍內，以法律明確規定為適當之限制。保障保密義務的終點就是維護公共利益的起點。因此，政策所保障精神醫師與病患之間的醫療隱私，必須在病患將危害第三人時有所讓步。
Protections of certain rights are rational due to the maintenance for the privacy of certain relationships and the need to encourage open communications within these relationships. Self-determination of personal information, one aspect of information privacy, guarantees that individuals have a right to determine whether or not, to what extent, at what time, in what manner, and to whom to disclose their personal information. It also affords people a right to know and have control over the use of their personal information. The constitutional right to information privacy, however, is not absolute. The State may, while complying with Article 23 of the Constitution, impose appropriate restrictions by clear and unambiguous statutes. The protective privilege ends where the public peril begins. Thus, the public policy favoring protection of the confidential character of patient-psychotherapist communications must yield to the extent to which disclosure is essential to avert danger to others.
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