腦機介面助殘的倫理風險與法律應對
Ethical Risks and Legal Responses in the Assistive Application of Brain-Computer Interfaces
通過修復受損神經的資訊傳輸通路，為殘疾人士的運動、感知與言語功能重建提供了革命性的科學路徑。然而，腦機介面在助殘應用中還存在人格同一化異化、神經隱私洩露和告知義務流於形式等風險。為此，應以人格同一性為核心，維護使用者作為獨立人格主體的法律地位；在《民法典》人格權編的框架下強化神經資訊隱私保護，規範其採集、解碼與利用邊界。此外，可在借鑑美國I Facts陓猁滌臕忖W，完善醫師與患者的資訊披露規則，以實現實質性知情同意，以期中國腦機介面技術在法治軌道上的良善發展。
Brain-computer interfaces provide a revolutionary scientific pathway for reconstructing the motor, sensory, and speech functions of persons with disabilities by restoring damaged neural information transmission pathways. However, their assistive applications also give rise to risks such as the alienation of personal identity, the leakage of neural privacy, and the formalization of disclosure obligations. Accordingly, it is necessary to take personal identity as the normative core and safeguard the user’s legal status as an independent person. Within the framework of the personality rights section of the Civil Code, the protection of neural information privacy should be strengthened, and the boundaries of its collection, decoding, and use should be clearly regulated. In addition, drawing on the U.S. “AI Facts” label, information disclosure rules for physicians and patients may be further improved so as to achieve substantive informed consent and promote the sound development of brain-computer interface technology in China under the rule of law.
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