屍體器官捐贈推定同意:倫理、法理與國際經驗分析【本期企劃】 試閱
Presumed Consent for Deceased Organ Donation: Ethical Principles|Legal Theories and International Experiences
近年國際上一些國家改變屍體器官捐贈同意法律,將原本知情同意變更為推定同意。不過,推定同意制度在國際間之實證效果分歧,推定同意不一定是增加器官捐贈率最重要因素,相關倫理爭議目前並無客觀共識,且涉及違反憲法比例原則之疑慮。臺灣現行法律實務是採取知情同意制度,至於未來是否將立法改採推定同意制度?本文建議:臺灣可先推行強制選擇輔助知情同意,根據日後執行經驗與民主審議,才考慮是否立法採取推定同意制度。
In recent years, some countries have changed the law of deceased organ donation, changing the original informed consent to presumed consent. However, presumed consent law is not necessarily effective and ethically flawless. The international empirical effects of presumed consent law are divergent or ambivalent. There is no objective consensus solution to related ethical disputes. Presumed consent legislation may violate the principle of proportionality in constitutional law. In Taiwan, the current deceased organ donation practice is an informed consent system. Will Taiwan need to adopt a presumed consent system in the future? This article proposes: Taiwan can first implement mandated choice to support the existing informed consent rule, and only consider whether to adopt a presumed consent rule based on future implementation experience and democratic deliberation.
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