醫療契約立法之比較研究(一)：典型契約化之考量因素及早期荷蘭立法之介紹【醫法新論】 試閱
A Comparative Study on the Codification of the Medical Contract (I): Elements for the Codification and an Introduction to the Dutch Civil Code
將醫療契約予以典型契約化，係近年歐陸法系國家關於醫師責任法之重要發展之一，如荷蘭民法、DCFR及德國民法，均將醫療契約予以明文化。揆其立法背景，乃因現代醫學日新月異，醫療服務之型態呈現多元化的發展，醫療契約之明文化適可提供一切入點，以解決多元且複雜的醫療爭議。整體以觀，歐陸法上典型化之醫療契約其內容大致包括：契約定義及適用範圍、未成年及無行為能力人之當事人、醫療提供者之義務、病人之義務、病人之病歷閱覽權、債務不履行之救濟、醫療機構責任、舉證責任等。將醫療契約予以典型契約化，有助於當事人釐清法律關係，特別是病人在醫療關係中所具有的各項個別性權益，如告知同意權、醫療隱私權、病歷閱覽權等，藉由法律規範的明確保障，有助於實踐法律的社會調整功能，並體現尊重病人主體性之普世價值。
Codification of the medical contract has been a trend in the European continental legal system over the past decades. Rules for medical contract have been stipulated in the Dutch Civil Code, DCFR, and German Civil Code, with a view to addressing the diverse and complex medical disputes. In general, these rules for medical contract encompass the definition and scope of the contract, the legal capacity of minors, obligations of healthcare providers, obligations of patients, patients?right to inspect the medical records, remedies for non-performance, obligations of treatment-providing organizations, and the burden of proof. The codification of the medical contract can help clarify the legal relationships between the contracting parties, protect patients?rights regarding informed consent and medical privacy, and realize the universal value of the patient autonomy.
128-146
