數位時代下健康資料的跨域治理與規範競合：以《大流行協定》PABS機制與數位貿易規範發展為中心【本期企劃】 試閱
Cross-sector Governance and the Convergence of Regulations on Health Data in the Digital Era: The Study of the Pandemic Agreement's PABS System and the Progressive Digital Trade Rulemaking
人工智慧帶起的數位時代下，健康資料兼具公衛公共財與貿易商業資產的政策雙重屬性。2020年新冠疫情暴露出國際衛生法與國際貿易法因專業分工、缺乏跨域合作的治理困境。為此，世界衛生組織推動《大流行協定》的病原體取得與利益共享系統（PABS），WTO也積極建構資料跨境流通的數位貿易規範。本文以病原體取得與利益共享系統為例，探討國際衛生法與數位貿易規範的競合，並指出這兩大體系正透過例外條款與規範調和，為跨境資料傳輸合作建立兼具自由流通與信任的多邊規範架構。面對數位資料的監理挑戰，國際社會的治理思維應打破領域分工，走向兼顧公共健康、國家安全與經貿效能的跨域合作，建構健康資料新秩序。
In the digital era steered in by Artificial Intelligence (AI), health data possesses dual policy attributes as “public good” for public health policy and as commercial “asset” in international trade domain. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic exposed the governance dilemmas arising from the fragmentation of international laws and the lack of interdisciplinary collaboration between international health law and international trade law. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System under the Pandemic Agreement, while the World Trade Organization (WTO) has constructed digital trade rules governing cross-border data flows. Applying the PABS system as a case study, this article explores the intersection and convergence between international health law and digital trade rules on health data governance. It highlights that these two regimes are establishing a trust-based multilateral regulatory framework for cross-border data flows for balancing the concerns of free flow and safety and security, through the deployment of exception clauses and the principle of regulatory comity. The challenges of digital data governance motivate the global governance to transcend traditional sectoral fragmentation and embrace cross-regime collaboration that constructing a new order for global health data governance.
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