告知說明義務系列：醫師之說明義務，以實質上已說明為必要【醫事法學教室】 試閱
The Series of the Obligation to Disclose: The Obligation to Disclose of the Physician, It is Necessary to Inform Materially
按對人體施行手術所為侵入性之醫療行為，本具有一定程度之危險性，依醫療法第63條第1項前段與醫師法第12條之1之規定，醫師診治病人時，應向病人或其家屬告知其病情、治療方針、處置、用藥、預後情形及可能之不良反應。上揭有關「告知後同意法則」之規範，旨在經由危險之說明，使病人得以知悉侵入性醫療行為之危險性而自由決定是否接受，以減少醫療糾紛之發生，並展現病人身體及健康之自主權。醫師就治療風險、常發生之併發症及副作用暨雖不常發生，但可能發生嚴重後果之風險乙節，均應向病患說明。簡言之，在一般情形下，如予說明，病人有拒絕醫療之可能時，即有說明之義務。上開說明之義務，以實質上已予說明為必要，縱令病人或其家屬在印有說明事項之同意書上簽名，亦難認已盡說明之義務。醫師若未盡上開說明之義務，除有正當理由外，難謂已盡注意之義務。
The invasive medical treatment which involves putting something into someone’s body or cutting into someone’s body is certainly dangerous. According to Article 63 Paragraph 1 of Medical Care Act and Article 12-1 of Physicians Act, when diagnosing and treating patients, a physician shall inform the patient or the patient’s family of the status of the disease, treatment principles, treatment, medication, prognosis and possible unfavorable reactions. The above-mentioned is related to the Doctrine of Informed Consent which is intended to help patients to understand the risk of the invasive medical treatment and then they could freely decide to accept the treatment or not. Reducing the incidence of medical disputes and manifesting / showing the autonomy of patient’s physical and health are our purpose objective. Although the risk of the medical treatment, the complications and the side effects don’t occur often, the physician must explain the risk of serious consequences to the patient. In short, the obligation to disclose would exist if the patient might refuse the medical treatment after explaining. Even though, the patient or the patient’s family sign the consent form which has the explanations, it is hard to recognize the obligation to disclose that has been exhausted. The obligation to disclose requires the physician to inform materially. If the physician fails to inform, he or she fails to fulfill the obligation to disclose unless he or she has justified reasons.
130-135
