愛滋條例第21條的昨是與今非【本期企劃】 試閱
Things Changed: On the Justifiability of Art 21of the AIDS Act in Taiwan
人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例(下稱愛滋條例)第21條,原係參考已刪除之刑法第285條立法意旨而設。早年醫療對HIV感染者幫助有限,90% HIV感染者的自然病程,可能於10∼12年後發病而亡,而且當時亦有傳聞蓄意傳染他人之情事。過去為了HIV防治,僅得以變相危險犯之刑罰,限制HIV感染者性行為之自由。不過,於今日已有進步的醫療及公衛措施,HIV可防可控,刑罰不符比例原則;又基於刑法的謙抑性,愛滋條例第21條有修法的必要。
Article 21 of HIV Infection Control and Patient Rights Protection Act (HIV Act) is based on the legislative intent of the repealed Article 285 of Criminal Law. In the past, medical treatment gave little help to HIV infected people. During the natural course of HIV infection, 90% HIV infected people might pass away in 10 to 12 years. Moreover, it was also rumored that someone might infect others on purpose. At that time, for the purpose of HIV prevention, there was no alternative but to restrict the right to sex liberty of HIV infected people by means of Crime of Danger in disguised form as the legislative model. However, with the improvement of medical treatment and public health measures, HIV infection is now preventable and controllable. As a consequence, using penalty on HIV infected people would violate the Principle of Proportionality. Furthermore, based on the Principles of Restraint in the Criminal Law, it is necessary to amend Article 21 of HIV Act.
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