韓國法觀點：精神疾患犯罪者之原因自由行為【全球瞭望】 試閱
Actio Libera in Causa of Mentally Disordered Offenders in Korea: A Legal Perspective
在快速變遷的全球化時代，精神疾病僅次於心臟病、癌症是人類第三大疾病。而近來社會上頻繁發生的精神病患者犯罪事件也引發社會各界的重視與擔憂，除此之外，精神疾患犯罪者依法得予以減刑，且無法適用刑法第10條第3項原因自由行為法律概念，往往也會激起人民的憤慨不滿。
韓國與臺灣歷史背景、法制史都相當類似，也同樣面臨了相同的問題；即便法律解釋上的歧見以及不明確性，使韓國法院捨棄援引原因自由行為概念處理案例，但經過反覆出現的個案衝擊下，韓國社會藉由反思，凝聚共識推動立法者制定相關特別法，通過對具有再犯危險性的性倒錯症精神疾患犯罪者採取化學去勢之法規，亦修法賦予法官針對個案自由裁量是否適用減刑之權力。
法律不該把精神疾患犯罪者對於社會可能危害的預防責任全部轉嫁於醫療機構，精神疾病犯罪者之處罰規定當然屬於法律保留事項，我們也必須展開理性對話框架，凝聚出社會共識後，由立法者明文訂定未來應遵循的方向。
In an era of rapid global changes, mental disorder has become the third most common disease in the world after heart disease and cancer. The increasing number of mentally disordered offenders have also aroused the concern of people from all walks of life. In addition, it is permitted by law to grant a commutation of sentence and not applicable to the legal concept of “actio libera in causa” under Article 10, Section 3 of the Criminal Law has often aroused the indignation of the people.
South Korea, which has a similar historical background and legal history to Taiwan, also faced the same issue. However, even though the Korean courts have abandoned applying actio libera in causa due to ambiguous interpretation, after the impact of repeated cases by mentally disordered offenders, Korean society has reflected and reached a consensus to push legislators to enact special law, including new law on chemical castration for Paraphilia who are at risk of recidivism, at the same time judges are given the discretion to apply a reduced sentence case by case.
Legal professions should not shift all the responsibility of preventing possible social hazards to the medical professions, as the punishment of mentally disordered offenders should certainly invoke the non-delegation doctrine. To conclude, legislators should set the future direction clearly after a consensus being formed in Taiwanese society.
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