全球公共財與戰略自主之間：歐盟藥品產業主權與《大流行病協定》的供應鏈治理【本期企劃】 試閱
Between Global Public Goods and Strategic Autonomy: EU Pharmaceutical Sovereignty and the Pandemic Agreemen's Supply Chain Governance
《大流行病協定》於2025年5月經世界衛生大會通過，試圖以公平取得、技術移轉、利益共享與地理多元化生產，重建大流行病相關醫藥品的全球供應鏈治理。然而，在美國實質退出世界衛生組織、全球衛生資金與領導出現真空之際，歐盟正同步推動以戰略自主、產業競爭力與供應鏈韌性為核心的藥品立法改革。本文主張，《大流行病協定》的實效，不僅取決於條約文字本身，更取決於歐盟等主要醫藥市場能否將協定揭示的供應鏈承諾，內化為公共採購、技術移轉、監管合作、區域生產投資與對外經貿安排。歐盟藥品政策改革一方面可能為全球衛生安全提供制度、資金與市場支撐，另一方面也可能因其內向型供應安全與產業競爭力目標，而使全球公平取得讓位於歐洲戰略自主。本文因此指出，後《大流行病協定》時代的全球衛生安全，將取決於歐盟能否將藥品產業主權轉化為連結歐洲供應韌性與全球衛生公共利益的制度工具。
The WHO adopted the Pandemic Agreement at the Seventy-eighth World Health Assembly in May 2025, seeking to rebuild the global supply-chain governance of pandemic-related health products through equitable access, technology transfer, benefit-sharing, and geographically diversified production. Yet the Agreement enters a geopolitical environment marked by the United States’ effective retreat from the World Health Organization and a corresponding vacuum in global health financing and leadership. At the same time, the European Union is pursuing pharmaceutical reforms centered on strategic autonomy, industrial competitiveness, and supply-chain resilience. This Article argues that the effectiveness of the Pandemic Agreement will depend not only on treaty text, but also on whether major pharmaceutical markets such as the EU internalize its supply-chain commitments into public procurement, technology transfer, regulatory cooperation, regional production investment, and external trade arrangements. EU pharmaceutical reform may provide institutional, financial, and market support for global health security, but if its focus remains limited to internal supply security and industrial competitiveness, it may also cause global equitable access to yield to European strategic autonomy. The Article concludes that global health security after the Pandemic Agreement will depend on whether the EU can transform pharmaceutical industrial sovereignty into a legal and institutional tool that connects European supply resilience with the global public interest in health.
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