食安事件之消費者民事求償【本期企劃】 試閱
Consumer Claims in the Event of Food Safety Violations
消費者遭遇食品安全事件,在民事實體法方面,其請求權基礎包含民法、消費者保護法、食品安全衛生管理法及公平交易法等規定,前述請求權各有其要件及效果,消費者可視個案狀況斟酌主張;至於民事訴訟法方面,則有法院闡明權之行使、消費者舉證責任之減輕以及損害額之主張與酌定等機制,有利消費者於食安訴訟事件之請求與攻防。從而消費者得藉由上開實體法及程序法之有利規定,使業者承擔應負之民事責任,適切保障自身權益。
The focus of this paper is on civil liability of food safety violations. In recent years, suffering from a succession of food safety scandals, people have paid more attention to food safety issues and attached great importance to their rights. Fundamentally, consumers may claim damages from food safety violators under Civil Code, Consumer Protection Act, Fair Trade Act, and Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation. The elements, requirements, and efforts of these laws differ. For instance, consumers may claim for punitive damages according to Consumer Protection Act or Fair Trade Act; the court may determine the amount of compensation between NT$500 and NT$300,000 on each plaintiff’s request under certain conditions and circumstances pursuant to Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation. Thus, it would be better for consumers to take into consideration all the circumstances to determine which claims would be used. In addition, court’s elucidative obligation, assessment of damages, and shift or reduction in the burden of proof under the Code of Civil Procedure would be in consumers’ favor in the lawsuit of food safety violation. Based on the above substantive and procedure laws, consumers would recover their damages usefully.
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