臺灣精神衛生法強制住院規定之修法方向:從聯合國身心障礙者權利公約之爭議談起【月旦時論】 試閱
國家之權力運用,必須以保障人民之自由、權利、安全及福利為目的,同時必須維持公共安全、利益及社會秩序;精神衛生法強制住院之制度即為此種法律政策思維之具體展現。臺灣身心障礙者權利公約施行法於2014年12月正式生效,而該公約從平等與關係自主之觀點,強調障礙之社會性,反對基於障礙之強制、差別待遇或歧視,對於臺灣精神衛生法之現行規定帶來挑戰。本文試著從強制住院之對象與強制住院之程序著手,參考文獻之融合法觀點、純粹功能觀點、預立精神醫療指示制度,以及司法的平等保障等角度,對於相容於公約內容之可能修訂作出省思。
The use of national power must be aimed not only at protecting the individual freedom, rights, safety and welfare, but also at public safety, benefit and social order. The institution of compulsory admission in mental health law is the realization of the above legal policy. In Dec. 2014, Taiwan adopted the implemental act of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Nonetheless, based on the concepts of equality and relational autonomy, the convention challenges compulsory admission institution in our mental health act. It emphasizes a social model of disabilities and thus opposes any compulsory measures and differentiated or discriminated treatments. Focusing on the provisions on candidates and procedures of compulsory admission and referring to the perspectives of fusion law, direct functional consideration, psychiatric advance directives, and judicial equal protection, this paper proposes potential mental health act revisions that may be compatible with the convention.
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