篇名

憑權利和約定贏得尊嚴──從侵權責任法施行談衛生與健康權利保障的法律體系建構【月旦時論】   試閱

並列篇名

Win Dignity by Virtue of Promises and Rights ─ Starting from the Implementation of Tort Liability Law and the Regulation, Legal Systems Construction of the Protection of Rights to Medical Care and Health

作者
中文摘要

人在自然能力上不平等,但憑著權利和約定而成為平等。人最基本的平等,在於生存權的平等,健康權是生存權最核心的部分。這些「約定」,就是衛生與健康促進法律體系,它應使得自然能力千差萬別的社會成員享有均等化的基本醫療衛生與健康保障權利,贏得最基本的人格尊嚴,這是社會最基本的生命倫理底線。侵權責任法試圖建立一元化結構的醫療損害責任制度,引致醫療事故處理條例的存廢之爭。筆者認為,圍繞醫療糾紛的民事賠償法律規制,今後絕不會歸於「一元化」,而是繼續保持甚至越加「多元化」的態勢。侵權責任法與醫療事故處理條例肯定將並行不悖、各有側重與分工。除醫療事故處理條例將繼續發揮規制作用外,對於侵權責任法生效之前診療行為結束並已出現損害後果的案例,事發當時有效的其他含有侵權責任規定的法律可能被優先適用。也不能利用「法律適用規則」以侵權責任法代替民法通則的相關規定。憲法及有關國際公約經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約第12條及其拓展性文件規定了龐雜的「健康權」相關內容,亦不排除被優先於侵權責任法適用的可能性。透過司法實現社會權是國家不可推卸的責任和保障社會權最有效的方式,具體的舉措就是頒行基本醫療衛生與健康促進法。

英文摘要

Men are unequal regarding natural ability, however, men become equal by virtue of promises and rights. The most fundamental human equality lies in the equal right to live while the health right is the core of it. These promises are the legal systems of sanitation security, which shall enable social members who differ tremendously in natural abilities to enjoy equal right of basic medical care and to win the most fundamental personal dignity, and that is the bottom line of society concerning life and ethics. Tort Liability Law tries to build a centralized liability system for medical damage, which caused the debate on existence or abolishment of Regulations on the Handling Medical Accidents (hereinafter referred to as the regulation). The author thinks that the laws & regulations of civil compensation targeting medical dispute shall be keeping diversified other than being centralized. Surely, the Tort Liability Law and the regulation will not conflict while they focus differently and work with joint effort. Except for the cases where the regulation keeps functioning for stipulation, “law application rule” may not be quoted to replace General Rules of Civil Law with Tort Liability Law even though other valid laws that cover tort liability may have been applied with priority for the cases of the diagnosis & treatment is completed and the damage occurs before Tort Liability Law comes into effect. The complicated health right is stipulated in the Constitution, Article 12 of International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and its extension documents, where the possibility of application prior to Tort Liability Law is not excluded. To realize the social rights via justice is the compelling obligation of the state and the most effective way to secure the social rights, to be specific, here we talk about promulgation and implementation of Basic Medical Care and Health.

起訖頁

141-172

出版單位
DOI

10.3966/241553062018050019010  複製DOI  DOI查詢

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