AI照護機器人之應用倫理與法律——以日本政策經驗為借鑑【醫法新論】 試閱
Ethics and Legal Considerations in the Deployment of AI Care Robots: Insights from Japanese Policy Experience
本文以日本照護機器人的發展政策與應用為出發點，探討人工智慧照護機器人在長期照護領域的倫理、政策與法律課題。首先，從日本的政策推動經驗，說明日本如何促進照護機器人技術在高齡護理與照護機構中的實際應用；其次，分析人工智慧照護機器人的研發與設計，強調以人性尊嚴為中心的思維，以及在導入照護機構或居家環境時可能引發的倫理議題，如隱私、資訊自決權與社會信任。最後，探討現行法律監管與產品責任問題，包含一般照護輔具的監管路徑、人工智慧特有的監管模式，以及製造端與使用端之間的責任歸屬。總言之，人工智慧護機器人雖具提升照護效率與品質的潛力，但其倫理與法律挑戰則須透過明確政策規範與監管制度加以因應，以確保技術安全、可接受與社會信任。
This study explores the ethical, policy, and legal challenges of AI care robots in long-term care, drawing on Japan’s experiences in their development and application. It first reviews Japan’s policy measures that have promoted the practical deployment of care robots in elderly care and institutional settings. Next, it examines AI care robot design and research, emphasizing a human-dignity-centered approach and highlighting potential ethical concerns, including privacy, informational self-determination, and social trust, arising from their use in care facilities or home environments. Finally, the study addresses regulatory and product liability issues, covering general assistive device pathways, AI-specific oversight mechanisms, and responsibility allocation between manufacturers and users. While AI care robots offer significant potential to improve care quality and efficiency, their ethical and legal implications necessitate clear policies and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safe, socially acceptable, and trustworthy implementation.
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