簡評我國刑法監護處分之修正——與德國2016年刑法修正案與鑑定程序之比較【醫法新論】 試閱
A Brief Review of the Amendments to Taiwan's Criminal Law on Custodial Protection- A Study of Comparative Criminal Justice with German Law
我國刑法第87條於2022年初修正，新法最大的特色為無延長次數限制之監護處分，立法理由宣稱參考德國立法例而增訂延長監護期間及評估機制。因此，有必要完整考察德國的監護處分發動要件、危險性預後鑑定（Gefährlichkeitsprognosegutachten）與司法審查、停止執行之實體與程序要件等規範精神與實務運作模式。
本文採取比較刑事司法（comparative criminal justice）之研究方法，分析德國2016年修正之法定要件與學說及實務見解，並點出我國片面繼受外國法單一條文，卻忽略外國制度精神、本國法律實務現狀困境而可能產生之問題。
Article 87 of Taiwan’s Criminal Law was amended in the beginning of 2022, and the most significant feature of the amendment is the disposition of custody without any limitation on the number of extensions. The legislative reason claims that the extension period and evaluation mechanism were added by reference to the German law. Therefore, it is necessary to fully examine the spirit and practical operation of the German custodial disposition, including initiation requirements, dangerprognosis assessments (German: Gefährlichkeitsprognosegutachten), judicial review, and the material and procedural elements of cessation of continued custodial disposition. This article adopts a comparative criminal justice approach to analyze the statutory elements of Germany’s 2016 amendment and its doctrinal and practical insights, and points out the problems that may arise from Taiwan’s unilateral inheritance of a single provision of foreign law while ignoring the spirit of foreign systems and the current dilemmas of local legal practice.
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