防疫、互惠與健康主權：檢視大流行公約下的健康資料治理【本期企劃】 試閱
Pandemic Prevention, Reciprocity, and Health Sovereignty: Examining Health Data Governance Under the WHO Pandemic Agreement
世界衛生組織大流行公約於2025年通過，旨在強化各會員國的疫情預防與應變能力，以及建立國際合作體系。健康資料治理在公共衛生監控上，以及在防疫科技的研發上，皆是重要的基礎建設。再者，疫情期間防疫科技的廣泛應用，亦引發隱私與個人資料保護的疑慮，故本文選擇以健康資料治理作為檢視的焦點。大流行公約聚焦於病原體樣本與序列資料的共享與回饋機制，但其採取選擇加入且並無執行機制，仍有賴於會員國的自願參與及遵守。同時，退出世界衛生組織的美國也透過與全球南方國家訂立雙邊協議，建立以其為中心的全球公共衛生體系，其中包括透過健康資料的分享換取醫療援助，但交易式的架構也引發數位殖民主義疑慮。透過檢視國際發展，期能對於臺灣參與國際衛生防疫的互助架構帶來啟示。
The WHO Pandemic Agreement (“Pandemic Agreement”) was adopted in 2025 with the aim of strengthening Member States’ capacities for pandemic prevention and response as well as establishing a framework for international cooperation. Health data governance constitutes an important infrastructure for both public health surveillance and the development of pandemic-related technologies. At the same time, the widespread use of pandemic-response technologies during public health emergencies has also raised concerns regarding privacy and personal data protection. This article therefore focuses on health data governance as its central subject of examination. The Pandemic Agreement concentrates on mechanisms for sharing pathogen samples and sequence data and providing benefits in return. However, because the Pandemic Agreement adopts an opt-in approach and lacks an enforcement mechanism, its effectiveness continues to depend on the voluntary participation and compliance of Member States. Meanwhile, following its withdrawal from the WHO, the United States has also sought to establish a U.S.-centered global public health system through bilateral agreements with Global South countries. These arrangements include the sharing of health data in exchange for medical assistance, but their transactional structure has also generated concerns regarding digital colonialism. By examining these international developments, this article seeks to offer insights for Taiwan’s participation in reciprocal frameworks of international health and pandemic cooperation.
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