生命權在醫療疏失過失致死案中扮演的角色【全球瞭望】 試閱
The Role of the Right to Life in Respect of Deaths Caused by Negligence in the Healthcare Context
本文將會探討以下問題：在醫療衛生情境下，因過失所導致的死亡是否侵犯「歐洲人權公約」第2條的生命權？該條約向締約國規範了廣泛的積極義務，其中包含了採取合理措施來挽救處於已知或應知風險中的生命之執行義務。本文探討了這類職責何時會產生，特別是在醫療衛生領域中，醫療疏失致死所造成的死亡，傳統上認為並不構成對生命權的侵犯。本文認為，要確定是否存在挽救生命的執行義務，必須兩個因素來判斷：責任的承擔與風險的判斷。此外，我們也應將環境因素納入考量，並更多地利用生命權來讓公共機構為過失致死的案例負責。
This article investigates the question of whether a death caused by negligence in the healthcare context is capable of violating the right to life under Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This provision imposes extensive positive obligations upon Contracting States, including an operational duty to take reasonable steps to save a life that they know, or ought to know, is at risk. This article addresses the question of exactly when such an operational duty arises, with particular focus on the healthcare context in which deaths caused by medical negligence have not traditionally been regarded as amounting to violations of the right to life. This article argues that two key factors in determining the existence of an operational duty to save life are the assumption of responsibility and nature of risk. It also argues for the need to take surrounding circumstances into account and for an increased use of the right to life in holding public bodies to account for deaths caused by negligence in the healthcare context.
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