韓國《AI基本法》之規範體系、戰略意涵與產業衝擊【全球瞭望】 試閱
Regulatory Framework, Strategic Implications, and Industrial Impact of South Korea's “Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and the Creation of a Foundation for Trust”
韓國於 2024 年 12 月 26 日三讀通過並於 2026 年 1 月 22 日正式施行之「人工智慧發展與信賴基礎建構等相關法律」（인공지능 발전과 신뢰 기반 조성 등에 관한 기본법） ，係全球人工智慧治理領域之重要里程碑。作為繼歐盟《人工智慧法案》（EU AI Act）後，率先具備綜合性框架之人工智慧法規，該法採取獨特之「先振興、後管制」策略，試圖於產業創新與風險控管間尋求動態平衡。本文旨在剖析該法之立法進程、核心義務體系、行政罰則機制，並探究其對企業營運與公民權利保障之深遠影響，進而反思產業界對於此監管機制可能引發之競爭力疑慮。
The “Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and the Creation of a Foundation for Trust” (hereinafter referred to as the “AI Framework Act”), which was passed by the National Assembly on December 26, 2024, and is set to take effect on January 22, 2026, represents a significant milestone in global AI governance. As the world’s second comprehensive AI regulatory framework following the EU AI Act, this legislation adopts a distinctive “prioritizing promotion with postregulation” strategy, aiming to achieve a dynamic balance between industrial innovation and risk management. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Act’s legislative trajectory, its core system of obligations, and the administrative penalty mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the profound implications for corporate operations and the protection of civil rights, while critically reflecting on industry concerns regarding potential challenges to global competitiveness triggered by this new regulatory landscape.
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